FAQ: How do I write a good conclusion for my paper?

Writing Conclusions

A good conclusion will remind your reader of the main points of your research and reflect on the implications of that research.

What should I include?

1. Begin by restating the main idea or thesis, first mentioned in the introduction of your paper, in a fresh, new way.
2. Summarize the main points from the body of your paper and try to show how it all fits together.
3. Leave your reader with a final thought.  This could be a suggestion for future research, next steps, or how your research matters in a broader context.

What should I avoid?

• Do not provide any new evidence or data. This should go in the body of the paper.
• Avoid direct quotes, especially for the last sentence.  This is your paper and you should have the last word.
• Stay clear of new subtopics or main ideas. Try to incorporate these into the body of your paper.

Recommended Resources

eBooks

• Writing Essays in English Language and Linguistics : Principles, Tips and Strategies for Undergraduates This link opens in a new window (especially part 2, chapter 7: “Writing summaries and conclusions”)  
• A Student's Writing Guide: How to Plan and Write Successful Essays This link opens in a new window (especially part 2, chapter 6: “Endings”)  
• The Elements of Academic Style: Writing for the Humanities This link opens in a new window (especially part II, chapter 17: “Ending Well”)